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液壓缸(gang)(gang)(gang)結構基本上可以(yi)分為缸(gang)(gang)(gang)筒(tong)和缸(gang)(gang)(gang)蓋、活塞(sai)和活塞(sai)桿、密(mi)封裝(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)、緩(huan)沖裝(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)和排氣裝(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)五(wu)個部分。今天威海力建小編著重帶(dai)著大家了解一下缸(gang)(gang)(gang)筒(tong)和缸(gang)(gang)(gang)蓋。

 缸(gang)筒和缸(gang)蓋

一般來說，缸(gang)(gang)(gang)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)和(he)(he)(he)(he)缸(gang)(gang)(gang)蓋(gai)的(de)(de)結(jie)構(gou)形(xing)式和(he)(he)(he)(he)其使用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)材料有(you)關。工(gong)(gong)作壓力p＜10MPa時(shi)，使用(yong)(yong)(yong)鑄鐵(tie)；p＜20MPa時(shi)，使用(yong)(yong)(yong)無縫(feng)鋼(gang)管(guan)；p＞20MPa時(shi)，使用(yong)(yong)(yong)鑄鋼(gang)或鍛鋼(gang)。法蘭(lan)連接(jie)(jie)式，結(jie)構(gou)簡單，容(rong)易(yi)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)，也(ye)容(rong)易(yi)裝拆，但外(wai)形(xing)尺(chi)寸(cun)和(he)(he)(he)(he)重(zhong)(zhong)量都較(jiao)大，常用(yong)(yong)(yong)于鑄鐵(tie)制(zhi)的(de)(de)缸(gang)(gang)(gang)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)上(shang)(shang)。半(ban)環連接(jie)(jie)式，它(ta)(ta)的(de)(de)缸(gang)(gang)(gang)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)壁(bi)部因(yin)開(kai)了環形(xing)槽而削弱了強度，為此有(you)時(shi)要加(jia)(jia)厚缸(gang)(gang)(gang)壁(bi)，它(ta)(ta)容(rong)易(yi)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)和(he)(he)(he)(he)裝拆，重(zhong)(zhong)量較(jiao)輕，常用(yong)(yong)(yong)于無縫(feng)鋼(gang)管(guan)或鍛鋼(gang)制(zhi)的(de)(de)缸(gang)(gang)(gang)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)上(shang)(shang)。螺紋連接(jie)(jie)式，它(ta)(ta)的(de)(de)缸(gang)(gang)(gang)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)端部結(jie)構(gou)復雜(za)，外(wai)徑加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)時(shi)要求保(bao)證內外(wai)徑同心(xin)，裝拆要使用(yong)(yong)(yong)工(gong)(gong)具，它(ta)(ta)的(de)(de)外(wai)形(xing)尺(chi)寸(cun)和(he)(he)(he)(he)重(zhong)(zhong)量都較(jiao)小，常用(yong)(yong)(yong)于無縫(feng)鋼(gang)管(guan)或鑄鋼(gang)制(zhi)的(de)(de)缸(gang)(gang)(gang)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)上(shang)(shang)。拉桿連接(jie)(jie)式，結(jie)構(gou)的(de)(de)通用(yong)(yong)(yong)性大，容(rong)易(yi)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)和(he)(he)(he)(he)裝拆，但外(wai)形(xing)尺(chi)寸(cun)較(jiao)大，且較(jiao)重(zhong)(zhong)。焊接(jie)(jie)連接(jie)(jie)式，結(jie)構(gou)簡單，尺(chi)寸(cun)小，但缸(gang)(gang)(gang)底(di)處內徑不易(yi)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)，且可能引(yin)起(qi)變形(xing)。

叉車起(qi)升(sheng)缸(gang)活塞桿動作慢(man)、起(qi)升(sheng)時(shi)門架有(you)間斷或沖(chong)擊

故障(zhang)檢查1：系統油(you)量(liang)不足

故障(zhang)排(pai)除：加油至油標線(xian)

故障檢查2：密封不良、油(you)管連接不緊造成漏(lou)油(you)、油(you)管損壞

故障排除：加密封，擰緊管接頭，更換油管

故(gu)障檢查3：油泵(beng)故(gu)障致供(gong)油不(bu)足

故障排除：修(xiu)理或更換(huan)油(you)泵

故障檢(jian)查4：安全閥(fa)調整不(bu)當或損壞

故障排除(chu)：調整或修理安全閥

故障檢查5：液壓過濾器堵塞

故障排除：清(qing)洗或更換(huan)液(ye)壓油(you)濾清(qing)器

故障檢查(cha)6：液壓(ya)系(xi)統中有空(kong)氣

故障排(pai)除：將空氣排(pai)除

現象(xiang)（一）：串(chuan)漏

原因：

1.壓(ya)力迅速上(shang)升或者(zhe)缸壁膨脹，油液進入間隙(xi)，壓(ya)力形(xing)成(cheng)對(dui)密封(feng)的(de)下行作用，串(chuan)漏形(xing)成(cheng)

2.密封環(huan)未設(she)計泄壓槽

防止措施：

1.密封(feng)環(huan)設計留有泄壓槽，油液(ye)通過泄壓槽，填充溝槽從而壓縮(suo)O形圈，產生密封(feng)

原因：

1.運動速(su)度太(tai)快

2.有(you)偏心(xin)運動

3.滑動面粗(cu)糙度不均勻

4.安裝時扭(niu)轉

防止措施：

1.改用(yong)唇形密封

2.消除(chu)偏心運動(dong)

3.修改滑(hua)動面粗糙度

4.注意安裝

原因：

1.溝槽(cao)設計不(bu)合理(li)導致壓(ya)縮率太大(da)：沒有考(kao)慮到材料由于熱量及化學介質(zhi)引(yin)起(qi)的變形，或由于壓(ya)力過大(da)引(yin)起(qi)

防止措施：

1.溝(gou)槽(cao)的設計應考(kao)慮到材(cai)料由于溫度及化學介質(zhi)引起的變形